Body Fluids, Composition and Function of Blood

Body Fluids, Composition and Function of Blood.

Body Fluids

Body Fluids are dilute, watery solutions, containing dissolved chemicals found inside cells and surrounding them.

Body fluid is present in 2 compartments in the body

1. Inside the cell 
2. Outside the cell 

Types of Body Fluids:

1. The fluid within cells is intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytosol. 
2. The fluid outside the body cells is extracellular fluid (ECF). 

ECF are present in the narrow space between the cells is called as interstitial fluid.

ECF present in--

• Blood vessels are called - Blood Plasma
• Lymphatic vessels - Lymph
• Brain and spinal cord - Cerebrospinal fluid
• Ears - Endolymph and perilymph
• Eyes - Aqueous humor

There are two general barriers which separate the Intracellular fluid(ICF), Interstitial fluid, and blood plasma

1. Plasma membrane: It is the barrier of cells which separate the intracellular fluid and the surrounding interstitial fluid.
2. Blood vessels wall: It separates the interstitial fluid and the blood plasma or blood. 

BLOOD

• It is a connective tissue that consists of WBCs, RBC, Platelets, and other dissolved solutes and proteins.

There are two components:

• Liquid extracellular matrix -blood plasma
• Formed elements- cells and cell fragments

        Water:

• Liquid portion of water

• Acts as a solvent and suspending medium for a component of blood.

• Absorbs, transport, and releases heat.

        Plasma Proteins

• Exert colloid osmotic pressure

• Helps to maintain water balance between blood and tissues and regulate blood volume.

        Albumins

• Smallest and most numerous blood plasma protein.

• Produced by the liver.

• Transport proteins for several steroids hormone and for fatty acids.

        Globulins

• Produced by liver and by plasma cells, which produced from B lymphocytes.

• These plasma are also called as antibodies(immunoglobulins) helps to attack viruses and bacteria.

        Fibrinogen

• Produced by liver.

• Plays essential role in blood clotting.

Other Solutes

        Electrolytes

• Inorganic salts.

• Positively charged ions include Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+

• Negatively charged ions include Cl-, HPO4-, HCO3-

• Help to maintain osmotic pressure and helps to play essential role in the function of cells.

        Nutrients

            It Includes---

• Amino acid

• Glucose

• Fatty acid and Glycerols

• Vitamins

• Minerals

        Regulatory substances

• Enzymes, produced by body cells, catalyze chemical reactions

• Hormones, produced by endocrine glands, regulate metabolism, growth, and development

• Vitamins are cofactors for enzymatic reactions

        Waste products

• Most are breakdown products of protein metabolism and are carried by blood to organs of excretion.

• Include urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, bilirubin, and ammonia.

Functions of Blood 

• Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, heat, and wastes

• Regulates pH, body temperature, and water content of cells

• Protects against blood loss through clotting, and against disease through phagocytic white blood cells and antibodies

      1. Transport:

• Transportation of dissolved gases like oxygen from lung to cells and carbon dioxide from cell to lung.

• Wast product from metabolism like urine,water.

• Nutrients

• Plasma Proteins

• Blood cells

     2. Maintains body temperature

• Blood has the absorbing and cooling properties because of its water contents.

• Blood flows through the body so that heat can be lost from the body with the help of skin.

     3. Control pH

• The pH of the blood must be maintained ranging from 7.3 to 7.4

     4. Removes toxic from the body

• The kidneys filters all the blood in the body.

• Toxic removed from blood to kidney and kidney leaves to urine.

     5. Protection 

• The clotting mechanism of the body protect us from blood loss.
• White blood cells protect us from harmful agents and toxic.

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