Hospital Pharmacy-- Hospital and it's organisation. JNTUH

 The Hospital and its Organization

Definition of Hospital

The Hospital is a complex organization and an institute which provides health to people through complicated but specialized scientific equipment, and a team of trained staff educated in the problems of modern medical science.

They are all co-ordinated together for the common goal of restoring and maintaining the good health of the people who go there for relief from pain, suffering, and diseases. 

Classification of Hospitals

--Clinical and Non-Clinical

--Primary, secondary and Tertiary Hospital

Classification (Primary, secondary and Tertiary)

    1. Primary Hospital

• Primary hospital typically is a hospital that less than 100 beds.

• They are providing preventive care, minimal health care and rehabilitation.

• They are a basic level of contact between individuals and families with healthy system.

• they include general practitioners, familily physician and physiotherapist, providing immunization maternal and child health services, curative health services and prevention of diseases.

• The staff includes a medical officer, a staff nurses and paramedical support staff.

    2. Secondary Hospital

• Secondary hospitals are prefered with a medium size in district, city, and country and contain beds between 100 to 500.

• They are providing complete health services and medical education.

• They include cardiologists, urologist, dermatologists and other such specialists.

•  The services include acute care, short period stay in hospital emergency illness.

• District level hospital and community health centers are the examples of secondary hospitals.

    3. Tertiary Hospital

• These are general hospital in the city at the national level with bed capacity greater than 500.

• They are responsible for providing specialized health services and play a vital role with regard to medical education and scientific research and they also serve as a medical hub providing care to multiple region.

• They provide personnel as well as facilities for advanced medical investigation and treatment.

• Examples of the tertiary hospital include 3 medical colleges and an advanced medical research institute.

   

    Classification (Clinical and non-clinical)

1. Clinical basis of classification

The word classification refers to the treatment of disease in human beings. Different types of diseases need different modes and means of treatment.  Accordingly, hospitals may be of different types on the clinical basis. 

i). Maternity hospital: which is specialized to provide obstetrics (i.e dealing with childbirth) and gynecological (i.e related to the female reproductive system) services along with antenatal (during pregnancy) and neonatal (newborn child) care.

ii). Surgery(surgical hospital): which is specialized to perform surgical operations. In other words they have operation theatres and surgeons. There are different types of surgicalhospitals such as: 

a). Gynaecological i.e related to female reproductive system.

b). Orthopedic, i.e surgery related to bone fructures.

c). Otolaryngological i.e related to ear, nose, throat surgery.

d). Cardiothoracic i.e related to surgery of heart and lungs.

e). General surgery i.e surgery of any kind.

f). Neurological, i.e having facilities for surgery of brain and spinal cord.

g). Kidney hospital, related to kidney transplantation and blood or peritened dialysis services.

iii). Medicine: These are general purpose hospital that provides treatment other than mentioned above. In the other word of specialization there can be different types of hospital providing specialized care for a perticular types of disease:

a). General hospital: where what is called ''family physician'' treats or advises the patients.

b). Paediatrics hospital: where special care for children is taken.

c). Communicable disease hospital: This is a type of hospital that should have adequate space to prevent the spread of the infectious diseases and taken care of patients with such diseases.

d). Mental hospital or psychiatric diseases hospital: This is also a specialized type of the hospital which has facilities to house, treat and rehabilitate patients with mental illness.

e). Drug addiction rehabilitation hospital which attempts to make the patients addiction deaddiction from narcotics. 

f). Dental hospital where care and treatment is done for dieases of teeth.

g). Cancer hospital In this type of hospital surgical treatment is quite often given.

2.  Non-Clinical basis of classification

i). Government Hospital

a). Civil Hospital or public health service centers: 

eg. All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi; Post-graduate Institute of   Medical Education and Research.

b). Military Hospitals for Army, Airforce or Navy personnel.

ii). Non-government Hospital

a). Private run Hospitals for profit. 

eg. Apollo Hospital, Escort Hospital etc.

b). Charitable Hospitals

eg. Ramkrishna Mission hospital at Kolkata, Christian Missionary Hospital at Vellore.  

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